current scientific literature specific to . The gaps identified here are not comprehensive but highlight general Rick and morty tv show 3d night light led areas for improved understanding, especially regarding global warming at . compared to and higher levels. Sea ice is often cited as a tipping point in the climate
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achieving ambitious mitigation goals will require active, goal-directed efforts aiming explicitly for specific outcomes and incorporating new information as it becomes available Otto . This shifts the focus of uncertainty from the climate outcome itself to the level of mitigation effort that may be required to achieve it. Probabilistic statements about human decisions are always problemati but in the context of robust decision-making, many near-term policies that are needed to keep open the option of limiting warming to . may be the same, regardless of the actual probability that the goal will be met Knutti . Global climate warming has already reached Rick and morty tv show 3d night light led approximately see .. relative to pre-industrial conditions, and thus ‘climate at . global warming’ corresponds to approximately the addition of only half a degree of warming compared to the present day, comparable to the warming that has occurred since the s Bindoff . Methods used in the attribution of observed changes associate with this recent warming are therefore also applicable to assessments of future changes in climate at . warming, especially in cases where no climate model simulations or analyses are available. The SDGs expanded efforts to reduce poverty and other deprivations under the UN Millennium Development Goals . There were improvements under the MDGs between and , including reducing overall poverty and hunger, reducing infant mortality, and improving access to drinking water . However, greenhouse gas emissions increased by more than from to , and . billion people were still living in multidimensional poverty with persistent inequalities in Alkire . Importantly, . pathways allow a substantial up to one-in-two chance of warming still exceeding .. An ‘adaptive’ mitigation pathway in which emissions are continuously adjusted to achieve a specific temperature outcome , Millar , b reduces uncertainty in the temperature outcome while increasing uncertainty in the emissions required to achieve it.
It has been argued Otto , Xu and Ramanathan, that achieving very ambitious temperature goals will require such an adaptive approach to mitigation, but very few studies have been performed taking this approach , Jarvis . Observed increase in global average surface temperature in various datasets. Numbers in square brackets correspond to uncertainty ranges from individual datasets, encompassing known sources of observational uncertainty only. Human-induced warming reached approximately above pre-industrial levels in . At the present rate, global temperatures would reach . around . Stylized . pathway shown here involves emission reductions beginning immediately, and CO emissions reaching zero by . All . scenarios include a substantial probability of overshooting above . global warming before returning to .. Health and well-being risks in the context of socio-economic and climate change at ., especially in key areas such as occupational health, air quality and infectious disease. The impacts of changing ocean conditions at . and of warming on foodwebs, disease, invading species, coastal protection, fisheries and human well-being, especially as organisms modify their biogeographical ranges within a changing ocean. How changes in ocean chemistry in a . warmer world, including decreasing ocean oxygen content, ocean acidification and changes in the activity of multiple ion species, will affect natural and human systems. The biophysical impacts of land use in the context of mitigation pathways. Projections of risks under a range of climate and development pathways required to understand how development choices affect the magnitude and pattern of risks, and to provide better estimates of the range of uncertainties. Regional and global climate model simulations for low-emissions scenarios such as a . warmer world. The following gaps have been identified with respect to tools, methodologies and understanding in the
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